What are nouns? 

Nouns are words that name a person, place, thing, or idea.

Look around you. Everything that you see, you can name. Each of those names fits the above definition. What do you see?

A computer, the living room, your dad, a tree… 

Before you commit the above definition to memory, I would like to clarify one thing. Nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas. They are not actually people, places, things, or ideas.

After teaching grammar for some time, I was surprised at how many of my students weren’t really clear on the whole “word” thing. Allow me to make this clear. Which is the noun: Number 1. or 2. ?

            Doll

                  1.                                      2.

If you guessed that the number 2. is a noun, you are correct. Why? Well, what is a noun? It is first and foremost a word. Notice that while the image (1.) of the doll is the prettier of the two, it is not naming a doll. It is an image of a doll.

Does that make sense? A noun is a word, not the actual thing that the word represents. It’s kind of cool, huh?

Now, your task is to memorise the following definition.

Nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas.

Put on your memorising cap and stick that sentence in your brainbox.

Types of Nouns

Do you like apples? I hope so; they’re good for you! Well, as you know, there are many different types of apples (Granny Smith, Golden Delicious, Gala, McIntosh). Each kind of apple tastes a bit different, but each is still an apple. Nouns are similar, only they don’t taste as good. Whichever type you’re dealing with will have its own characteristics, but they will still be nouns. That means it still fits our answer to the question, What is a noun? (a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea).

Are you ready to hit me over the head because you’re so tired of me repeating that? Good. Hopefully that means it’s stuck in your mind.

Here are the different ways to describe or classify nouns. Note that nouns can fit into more than one of these categories. For example, the word cat is a common, concrete, countable, singular noun.

• Common: These name general, nonspecific people, places, things, or ideas. They start with a lowercase letter unless they begin a sentence.

writer, city, park, religion

• Proper: These name specific people, places, things, or ideas. They always start with a capital letter.

Victor Hugo, Paris, Disneyland, Yangon

• Abstract: These are the opposite of concrete. They name something that you cannot perceive with your five senses – something that does not physically exist.

happiness, freedom, Christianity

• Concrete: These name something that you can perceive with your five senses – something that physically exists.

cat, chocolate, Martha

• Countable: Yep. You guessed it. These can be counted, and they use both the singular and the plural forms. Anything that you can make plural is a countable noun.

clock/clocks, David/Davids, poem/poems

• Uncountable: These guys cannot be counted. Since they cannot be counted, they only use the singular form.

milk, rice, water, luggage

• Compound: These are made up of two or more smaller words.

tablecloth, haircut, applesauce

• Collective Nouns: These are singular nouns that refer to a group of things as one whole.

class, audience, swarm

• Singular: These refer to one person, place, thing, or idea.

box, face, road, ball

• Plural: These refer to more than one person, place, thing, or idea. They generally end with an s.

boxes, faces, roads, balls

• Possessive Nouns: These show ownership.

Dad’s car, the student’s book, Marc’s hat

Don’t get too bogged down by all of those definitions. Know that they exist, but don’t worry about committing all of that to your memory.

The Noun Jobs

Nouns can do lots of things in sentences. They’re probably the most overworked of all eight of the parts of speech.

Nouns have the ability to perform different functions, or jobs, in sentences. Each time a noun is performing one of these jobs, it still fits the answer to the question, What is a noun? Let’s look at some of the noun jobs.

1. Subjects are nouns that tell us whom or what a sentence is about.

Mrs. O’Brien taught grammar.

2. Direct objects are nouns that receive the action of certain kinds of verbs (transitive active verbs).

Mrs. O’Brien taught grammar.

3. Indirect objects are nouns that receive the direct object.

Mrs. O’Brien taught the class grammar.

4. Objects of prepositions are nouns that come after prepositions in prepositional phrases.

The class found a dog at the park.

5. Predicate nouns (“predicate nominatives”) are nouns that rename the subject. They come after linking verbs.

Rex is a dog.

6. Object complements are nouns that complete the direct object.

The class named the dog Rex.

7. Appositives are nouns that rename other nouns.

My friend Marianne likes cupcakes.

So, how’s it going? Am I confusing you? If you feel overwhelmed, don’t worry. Just keep reading and working. You’ll get it.

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AGH / Jan 2020